Título del artículo:

Modeling In-Situ Catalytic Upgrading and Hydrogen Production from Unconventional Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoirs: First Results of a Reference Case in the Orinoco Oil Belt “La Faja Petrolífera Del Orinoco” - Venezuela

Modeling the in situ combustion (ISC) process in the presence of chemical additives (i.e., catalysts and hydrogen donors) is challenging due to the multiple chemical reactions that occur in the process (e.g., hydrocarbon combustion, thermal-cracking, water-gas shift, coke gasification, etc.). The objective of this study is to model numerically the in situ catalytic upgrading of crude oil process using experimental data from the Orinoco Oil Belt and a hydrogen generation method available in a commercial numerical simulator, which will allow considering the effect of the catalyst in improving crude oil properties and in providing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process. ISC combustion tests with catalysts (nanoparticles of a transition metal) and hydrogen donors have been carried out in Venezuela for extra-heavy crude oil reservoirs of Eastern Venezuela Basin, aiming at the stabilization of the combustion front and improving physical-chemical properties of the crude oil. In this article, the numerical simulation was based on results of combustion tube tests with catalysts (pre-packed combustion cells) performed at reservoir conditions (8.5 °API, unconsolidated sandstones,4500 cP at 50°C) of the Orinoco Oil Belt heavy oil reserves. The kinetic model used in the numerical simulation considers the upgraded component, as well as the hydrogen and the catalyst components. The history matching ISC tests with catalysts was carried out using a machine learning tool, and the outputs were applied to field upscaling by a cluster of wells in the Orinoco Oil Belt. Experimental results from in situ combustion tests with catalyst show an improvement in crude oil properties, mainly in API gravity and viscosity, as well as a reduction in asphaltene content, a high generation of light compounds and a higher recovery factor greater than 90%. The experimental outcome also highlights the effect that mineralogy of the reservoir-rock may have on the in situ upgrading process. An acceptable match of experimental variables such as API, thermocouple temperature, oil recovery, gas composition is obtained. The main mechanisms involved in crude oil upgrading and hydrogen production are analyzed and illustrated in detail. Predictions of the cumulative oil production, gas composition and coke concentrations, temperature and oxygen distributions, as well as sensitivity analyses of the critical variables (e.g., injection rate) in the evaluated sector model of the field are presented and discussed in this article. This paper presents a workflow for modeling in situ catalytic upgrading and in situ hydrogen production from Venezuelan highly viscous oil reservoirs, with potential application worldwide. This study contributes to the development of technologies for in situ hydrogen production, as well as for the management of acid gases in order to accelerate the energy transition to net-zero carbon in 2050.

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Society of Petroleum Engineers Gotech 2025

Título del artículo:

Is the angioimmunoblastic T-Cell lymphoma beneficial to avoid CD4 ⁺ lymphopenia and other AIDS manifestations in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus?

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Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia

Título del artículo:

Nutritional status among women with pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women in a Latin American country

Aims: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been proposed that, among other risk factors, the nutritional status of women can lead to the endothelial dysfunction that characterizes this entity. The aim of the present study was to compare the nutritional status of women with PE with healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women. Material and Methods: A multicenter case-control study was carried out. Between September 2006 and July 2009, 201 women with PE were compared with 201 pregnant, and 201 non-pregnant aged-matched women without cardiovascular or endocrine diseases. A clinical history and physical examination was performed. Fasting blood samples were drawn to measure serum glucose and lipid profile. The nutritional status of participants was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The average age of womenwas 26.6 ± 7.2 years. Compared to healthy pregnant controls, women with PE had a higher body mass index, higher fasting blood glucose levels, higher triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Women with PE had a higher intake of carbohydrates, energy intake and cereal compared to healthy pregnant and non-pregnant controls. A conditional logistic regression demonstrated that carbohydrate and sodium intake are associated with PE development. Conclusions: Diets of women with PE were characterized by higher energy and carbohydrate intake compared to normal pregnant and non-pregnant women. This suggests that higher carbohydrate and sodium intake increases the risk of PE among women in Colombia. © 2012 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

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Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research

Título del artículo:

Complex choristoma of the lacrimal caruncle: A case report of an unusual congenital tumor with clinical and histopathological classification

Rare congenital tumors can be localized in the peribulbar area. Here we report an unusual case presented in a 3-year-old child with a history of a congenital tumor in the lacrimal caruncle of the right eye, associated with epiphora and constant discomfort. A surgical resection was performed, and the final histopathological diagnosis was lacrimal caruncle complex choristoma. Choristomas are growths of apparently normal tissue in an abnormal location, which can be situated anywhere in the body, including ocular and peribulbar structures. These almost unknown congenital tumors constitute the most common conjunctival tumors in children and can be interpreted clinically as different lesions, which are only differentiated through precise histopathological analysis. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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International Ophthalmology

Título del artículo:

Integral Care Guidelines for the prevention, early detection and treatment of pregnancy, partum and puerperium complications: Section on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy

Toxoplasma infection was selected for the development of recommendations for its prevention, diagnosis and therapy as a part of the clinical practice guideline for the prevention, early detection and treatment of the complications of pregnancy, developed y sponsored by the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Colciencias and Health and Social Protection Ministry of Health in Colombia. Infection by Toxoplasma gondii that occurs during pregnancy may end up in serious complications for the fetus and important sequelae for the newborn. A clinical guideline based on the best available scientific evidence, with emphasis on Colombian references, was performed. Experts on parasitology, neonatology and infectious diseases (adult and pediatric) developed the recommendations. Recommendations are proposed to be followed by healthcare professionals in pregnancy care programs all around the country, with the aim of lowering the morbidity and mortality related to this disease. Specific recommendations for the diagnosis starting in first trimester of the pregnancy, recommendations for prevention in women not infected with the parasite, identification of infection in the fetus or the newborn and recommendations for treatment in those settings are done. © 2012 ACIN.

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Infectio

Título del artículo:

COVID-19 infection in neonates and post-pandemic reflections

COVID-19 had a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in adults. However, in children and neonates, the clinical presentation was generally less severe. Due to the severity of the disease in adults, some of the measures implemented for neonates during the pandemic proved to be misguided. Objective: To present a series of neonatal COVID-19 cases, with post-pandemic reflections. Patients and Method: A retrospective and descriptive study conducted in Colombia, involving 16 neonates infected with COVID-19, diagnosed by nasopharyngeal PCR testing. Of these, 12 (75%) were patients admitted from home, while 4 were referred from lower-complexity institutions. Socio-demographic and clinical variables and outcomes were analyzed. Results: In the group of patients who came from home, the most common symptoms were jaundice in 10 (83.3%) and respiratory distress in 7 (58.3%). None of the patients required mechanical ventilation. Bacterial infections were identified in 4 cases admitted through the emergency department. Among the neonates referred from other institutions, all 4 presented with respiratory distress secondary to conditions typical of the neonatal period. The source of infection was not documented in any of the cases. Conclusions: This study reported that these neonates with COVID-19 had a favorable clinical outcome. Bacterial infections were present in community-acquired cases. Additionally, in these cases, the neonate could serve as the index case, alerting to other possible community-acquired cases. Management should be individualized and long-term follow-up should be mandatory.

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Andes Pediatrica

Título del artículo:

Caplan and Felty syndrome. Complications in rheumatoid arthritis. Case report

Caplan syndrome and Felty syndrome are rare complications associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The coexistence of both syndromes, though uncommon, may present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report describes a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly, and multiple nodules suggestive of Caplan syndrome, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the effective management and follow-up of these complex manifestations.

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Revista Argentina De Reumatologia

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Beef cows with larger vulvar width have greater antral follicle count, viable oocytes, and higher circulating AMH

Owing to the low heritability of reproductive traits, the search for markers and their interrelationship that could indicate reproductively superior individuals is important in the selection process for bovine reproductive efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the possible interrelationships between the antral follicle count (AFC), vulvar-width (VW), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, fertility in Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus females. Brahman (Bos Taurus-Indicus, n = 126) and Simmental and Angus (Bos Taurus-Taurus, n = 155) cows were classified as having large (≥86 mm) and small (<86 mm) VW. From each group, one blood sample per animal was collected to determine the AMH serum concentrations. The GLIMMIX procedure in SAS^® was used to determine whether vulva width (VW) and AMH classes, associated or not with breed, could influence the age at first calving (FCA), calving to first service interval (CFSI), calving interval (CI), number of services per pregnancy (SP), and number of viable oocytes (VO). Antral follicle count (AFC) (36.10 ± 1.90 vs. 22.78 ± 1.64, for large and small VW, respectively), AMH (1.17 ± 0.07 vs. 0.48 ± 0.007 ng/mL), and viable oocytes or VO (18.86 ± 1.76 vs. 10.15 ± 1.49) were greater (P < 0.05) in the large VW than in the small VW. Brahman cows had greater AFC (36.30 ± 1.34 vs. 22.09 ± 1.67), VW (106.94 ± 15.83 vs. 69.78 ± 14.11 mm), and AMH (1.18 ± 0.07 vs. 0.42 ± 0.05 ng/mL) compared to that of taurine cows. In conclusion, VW was an efficient predictor of AFC and AMH concentrations in both genetic groups, but under the conditions of this trial no link could be detected between these variables and the reproductive indices studied.

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Acta Paulista De Enfermagem

Título del artículo:

Advancements in pneumatic seed-metering devices: A review of numerical and experimental approaches

The pneumatic seed-metering device is the key component of precision seeders, comprising the air chamber, seed plate, and seed-cleaning device as its main elements. Advancements in its design and optimization of operational parameters significantly improve seed distribution, thereby increasing crop yields. This work presents a critical review of experimental and numerical simulation research aimed at improving pneumatic seed-metering devices. It summarizes research on key findings and optimal operating conditions identified for various crops related to these devices, including geometric features optimizing air-chamber functionality; hole shapes in the seed plate that increase suction and improve seed retention; types of seed-cleaning devices designed to minimize multiple seeds; analytical models for estimating required seed retention pressure; the application of simulation tools to improve key components; types of seed-mixing devices promoting effective seed capture; and innovations in the development of novel components for optimized seed distribution. This review indicates that 86 % of studies examined focus on air-vacuum systems, while 14 % address air-blowing systems. The predominance of air-vacuum systems arises from their advantages, including high seeding precision, robust seed adaptability, and high-speed operation. However, fewer studies focus on seed-cleaning and anti-blocking devices. Numerical tools like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Discrete Element Method (DEM), and their coupling (CFD-DEM) are crucial for optimizing pneumatic seed-metering devices through the analysis of airflow, seed behavior, and their interaction. Further research is needed in this field, and this review serves as a reference for future investigations aimed at the development of new devices that can enhance seed uniformity during seeding.

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Results in Engineering

Título del artículo:

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in slaughterhouse horses and donkeys from the North and Northeast of Colombia

Introduction. Gastrointestinal parasites represent one of the most significant health problems in equines, affecting welfare, production, and performance. Objective. The objective of this study was to report the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) from different regions of Colombia. Materials and methods. A random sampling design was implemented on animals slaughtered at a processing facility located in Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. A total of 292 fecal samples from the digestive systems of the slaughtered horses and donkeys were collected. Fecal samples were processed using the McMaster coprological technique. In addition, the same number of livers was inspected for adult forms of Fasciola hepatica. Results and discussion. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 96.9% (283/292), with the highest values for Strongylus sp., followed by Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp., and Parascaris equorum. No significant differences were found according to sex, species, municipality, or department. In the present study, no adult forms of Fasciola hepatica were observed in the inspected livers. Conclusion. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites found in this research could be controlled through effective health plans and antiparasitic control in animals from the regions under study.

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Innovaciencia

Título del artículo:

Preface

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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Candidate Interventions for Integrating Hypertension and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Care in Primary Health Settings: HEARTS 2.0 Phase 1

Background: HEARTS in the Americas is the regional adaptation of the WHO Global HEARTS Initiative, aimed at helping countries enhance hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management in primary care settings. Its core implementation tool, the HEARTS Clinical Pathway, has been adopted by 28 countries. To improve the care of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), HEARTS 2.0 was developed as a three-phase process to integrate evidence-based interventions into a unified care pathway, ensuring consistency across fragmented guidelines. This paper focuses on Phase 1, highlighting targeted interventions to improve and update the HEARTS Clinical Pathway. Methods: First, the coordinating group defined the project’s scope, objectives, principles, methodological framework, and tools. Second, international experts from different disciplines proposed interventions to enhance the HEARTS Clinical Pathway. Third, the coordinating group harmonized these proposals into unique interventions. Fourth, experts appraised the appropriateness of the proposed interventions on a 1-to-9 scale using the adapted RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Finally, interventions with a median score above 6 were deemed appropriate and selected as candidates to enhance the HEARTS Clinical Pathway. Results: Building on the existing HEARTS Clinical Pathway, 45 unique interventions were selected, including community-based screening, early detection and management of risk factors, lower blood pressure thresholds for diagnosing hypertension in high-CVD-risk patients, reinforcement of single-pill combination therapy, inclusion of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for patients with diabetes, CKD, or heart failure, expanded roles for non-physician health workers in team-based care, and strengthened clinical documentation, monitoring, and evaluation. Conclusion: HEARTS 2.0 Phase 1 identifies key interventions to integrate and improve hypertension and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic care within primary care, enabling their seamless incorporation into a unified and effective clinical pathway. This process will inform an update to the HEARTS Clinical Pathway, optimizing resources, reducing care fragmentation, improving care delivery, and advancing health equity, thereby supporting global efforts to combat the leading causes of death and disability.

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Global Heart

Título del artículo:

Psychological symptoms and resilience among Venezuelan migrants in the department of Cesar, Colombia

One of the most significant social phenomena in recent years in Latin America is the massive migration of Venezuelan nationals, driven by political and social factors. Colombia ranks among the countries with the highest number of Venezuelan migrants, as they share a vast border that stretches from the north, along the Guajira Peninsula, to the south, in the Amazon jungle. The report indicates that there are currently over two million migrants from the mentioned country in Colombian territory, representing only those who are legally registered to enter Colombia; the underreporting of those who arrive through unconventional methods exposes a higher figure. Many of these migrants stay in intermediate cities near the border, where the condition of binational families is observed, as is the case in the capital of the Cesar department, from which this study derives its geographical context. The primary objective of this research is to examine the impact of migration on the psychological well-being and resilience of Venezuelan migrants residing in Valledupar, Colombia. This study proposes a quantitative and correlational study with a non-experimental design. The Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) and the Resilience Scale (RS-14) were administered to a sample of 152 individuals (women and men aged 18-60) residing in the Cesar department. Among the key findings, this study indicates that the most prevalent psychological symptoms were paranoid ideation (30.9 %), psychoticism (30.9 %), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (29.6 %). In each case, an inverse and statistically significant correlation existed between the variables, and 84 % of the participants demonstrated high resilience levels. The study concludes that migration, understood as a traumatic event, triggers clinical emotional symptoms that can be mitigated through resilient behaviors.

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Gaceta Medica De Caracas

Título del artículo:

Theta-encoded information flow from dorsal CA1 to prelimbic cortex drives memory reconsolidation

Reconsolidation is the process by which reactivated, labile memories are restabilized. Disrupting this process induces retrograde amnesia specific to the reactivated memory, making it a promising therapeutic target for anxiety disorders rooted in maladaptive avoidance. However, the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying reconsolidation are still not fully understood, limiting its translational potential. Here, we show that inducing reconsolidation of a fear-driven avoidance memory in adult male rats increases coherent theta synchrony and directional connectivity between the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus and the prelimbic cortex. Optogenetic silencing of dorsal CA1 terminals in the prelimbic cortex during the reconsolidation induction window disrupted this theta coupling and led to delayed memory impairment. These findings demonstrate that reconsolidation depends on theta-mediated information transfer through the direct dorsal CA1-prelimbic pathway and suggest that monitoring or modulating this activity could inform the development of targeted interventions aimed to modify or disrupt distressing, intrusive memories.

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Iscience

Título del artículo:

The influence of cardiac rehabilitation on acute myocardial infarction patients\' readmission rate in Santander, Colombia

Objective Estimating the effect of post-infarction cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on readmission/re-hospitalization rates according to intervention level. Method This was a prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed as suffering acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Data concerning infarction severity, previous illness, medical history, hospital course, Killip classification, length of hospital stay and condition on discharge. Medical records and telephone contact were used to confirm whether a patient had received CR and ascertain pertinent components. Follow-up was extended to one year. Results 96 AMI patients of both genders were included; information about CR was available for 72 of them,5 of whom had received CR based only on physical activity. 49 patients received complete CR based on education, physical activity, psychological and nutritional assessment. 18 patients had not received CR. One death and 10 new admissions/hospitalizations were recorded during follow-up. A Poisson regression model showed that patients who had received CR based only on physical activity presented significantly higher re-hospitalization rates than patients who had received a complete CR scheme (rate ratio 5.89:1.14-30.4995 % CI; p=0.04). Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach must bead opted to CR involving physical activity, education and psychological and nutritional assessment.

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Revista de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

Prevalence and characterization of fetal abdominal wall defects in Cúcuta, Colombia (Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2022)

Introduction: Abdominal wall defects are a group of diseases resulting from the affectation of embryonic development. Reports of prevalence at international and national level in the last decades show a significant tendency to increase the most frequent congenital defects in this group, gastroschisis and omphalocele. These defects can be diagnosed ultrasonographically from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation and can be associated with other congenital malformations. Objective: To describe the prevalence and characterization of pregnant women diagnosed with congenital malformations of the fetal abdominal wall, attended in 2021 and 2022 in two institutions in the city of Cúcuta (Colombia). Material and methods: Clinical cases obtained from the database of pregnant women attended at the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital (HUEM) and the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit (NORFETUS) during the time of the research. Results: This research had two populations in different institutions, giving a total of 18 cases of fetal abdominal wall defects for the city of Cúcuta (prevalence of 6.82 cases per 10,000 pregnant women). The most predominant abdominal wall defect was gastroschisis (83.3% of the cases), followed by omphalocele (11.1%) and only one case of pentalogy of Cantrell. Most of the pregnant women were young patients (83% were under 25 years old), 66.7% primigestive and 72.2% terminated gestation via cesarean section, with a hopeful survival rate of 88.9% in the sample studied. Conclusions: Fetal abdominal wall defects can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography; the most predominant of these was gastroschisis. The presence of these defects is more frequent in primigesters and in women under 25 years of age. Generally, these pregnancies are terminated by cesarean section; neonatal results confirm a high survival rate.

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Revista Chilena De Obstetricia Y Ginecologia

Título del artículo:

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper(II) Complexes Containing Ligands Derived from Azoles and Coumarins

Four Cu(II) complexes with coumarin-derived ligands are synthesized and fully characterized, confirming a ratio of 1:1 ligand to metal. The complex C3 presents a geometry between a square pyramid and a trigonal bipyramid with a supramolecular arrangement ruled by hydrogen bonding. Photophysical studies show absorption and emission bands mainly by the contribution of the aromatic groups, mainly by the coumarin moiety. Furthermore, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) pair of these complexes is associated with irreversible redox reactions, according to electrochemical investigations. In addition, the complexes are tested against bacterial and fungi strains, with being C1 the most active complex with fungicidal activity and a good selectivity index. It is suggested that the mechanism of action of the complex is oxidative distress. The studies of the mechanism of action show that the possible antifungal activity of the complexes is by oxidative distress, which is also supported by electrochemical studies and changes in the membrane potential using a probe, JC-1.

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European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

Título del artículo:

Clinical Perspective on Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Adults With Grade 1 Hypertension and Low-to-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk: An International Expert Consultation

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disease burden globally. An unresolved question is whether grade 1 hypertension (140-159/90-99 mm Hg) with low (cardiovascular mortality <1% at 10 years) to moderate (cardiovascular mortality ≥1% and <5% at 10 years) absolute total cardiovascular risk (CVR) should be treated with antihypertensive agents. A virtual international consultation process was undertaken to summarize the opinions of select experts. After holistic analysis of all epidemiological, clinical, psychosocial, and public health elements, this consultation process reached the following consensus in hypertensive adults aged <80 years: (1) The question of whether drug treatment in grade 1 should be preceded by a period of some weeks or months during which only lifestyle measures are recommended cannot be evidence based, but the consensus opinion is to have a period of lifestyle alone reserved only to patients with grade 1 “isolated” hypertension (grade 1 uncomplicated hypertension with low absolute total CVR, and without other major CVR factors and risk modifiers). (2) The initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy in grade 1 hypertension with moderate absolute total CVR should not be delayed. (3) Men ≥55 years and women ≥60 years with uncomplicated grade 1 hypertension should automatically be classified within the moderate absolute total CVR category, even in the absence of other major CVR factors and risk modifiers. (4) Statins should be considered along with blood-pressure lowering therapy, irrespective of cholesterol levels, in patients with grade 1 hypertensive with moderate CVR.

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Current Problems in Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Effect of short-term exposure to particulate matter on mortality rate by cardiovascular disease in Colombia: An observational ecological study with causal machine learning

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of death in older adults with pre-existing CVD. This study aimed to estimate the causal effect of short-term particulate matter exposure on excess CVD mortality among individuals aged 60 and older in the 10 most populated cities of Colombia. The study utilized publicly available data from 2015 to 2022 on daily CVD, aerosols concentration, and temperature. We estimated the excess deaths by cardiovascular disease based on the daily standardized mortality ratio for each municipality and applied a double machine learning algorithm to estimate the effect of high PM2.5 levels on excess CVD deaths. The results revealed a positive association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and excess CVD deaths. The strongest effect was observed for PM2.5 exposure during the five previous days, with high levels of PM2.5 increasing excess deaths by an average of 27.5% compared to low levels. Additionally, the study found a trend of increasing excess deaths associated with high PM2.5 levels in conjunction with high temperatures. This study provides evidence for a causal link between short-term exposure to elevated PM2.5 levels and increased CVD mortality in older adults residing in major Colombian cities. The findings underscore the importance of implementing air quality improvement measures to mitigate the adverse health impacts of PM2.5 pollution, especially for vulnerable populations.

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International Journal of Biometeorology

Título del artículo:

Effectiveness of a movement and music programme on activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours and motor and musical skills in young children: protocol for the MoviMusi cluster randomised controlled trial

The early childhood education and care (ECEC) environment is an important setting for providing children with daily opportunities for movement and music, supporting holistic child development in the early years. To date, there are no studies evaluating the implementation of a holistic programme in the ECEC context in the areas of movement behaviour and motor and musical skills. The main aim is to examine the effectiveness of a holistic movement and music programme on physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour and sleep, motor skills and musical skills in young children (1–3 years). The secondary aims are to examine the impact of the movement and music programme on the perceptions of the educational community, as well as the barriers and facilitators they perceive in the process of baseline assessment, construction, and implementation of the movement and music programme in their own ECEC community. This cluster-randomised controlled trial (intervention and control groups) with public ECEC centres will be performed over a 24-month period. Baseline measurements will be taken in the first year of the project, and assessments to examine the effectiveness of the programme will take place 12 months after the baseline assessment. For young children the main outcome variables will be: (a) PA, sedentary time, and sleep time; (b) gross and fine motor skills; and (c) musical skills. The secondary outcomes will be: (a) PA and sedentary time during outdoor play and structured PA sessions; (b) play patterns during outdoor free play; and (c) movement and music behaviours after ECEC hours. For families, secondary outcomes will be: (a) perceived barriers and facilitators to PA in young children; (b) perceived barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of music at home; and (c) the means of transport to ECEC settings and barriers to active commuting. For ECEC educators, the secondary will be: (a) perceived barriers and facilitators for the inclusion of movement and music as curricular practices in the ECEC institution; (b) perceived impact of the implementation of the movement and music programme. This research project aims to fill a knowledge gap during a period of childhood that has rarely been explored, either nationally or internationally (1–3 years), and to position movement and music teaching practices as key contexts in the curriculum development of infant and toddler education.

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Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors

Título del artículo:

Influence of age on the association of vascular risk factors with acute stroke (INTERSTROKE): a case–control study

Background: The absolute burden of stroke is increasing due to an ageing population, as well as an increased incidence of stroke in young adults. We aimed to determine whether age modifies the magnitude of association between vascular risk factors and stroke in the INTERSTROKE study. Methods: INTERSTROKE is an international case–control study of risk factors for first acute stroke. Cases and controls (matched by age and sex) were recruited in 32 countries (between Jan 11, 2007, and Aug 8, 2015). Participants completed a clinical assessment and provided blood and urine samples within 72 h of recruitment. Odds ratios (ORs) for vascular risk factors and their population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated among age groups. We tested for an interaction of age by each risk factor. Findings: Among 26 950 participants, the mean age of cases was 62·2 years (SD 13·6) and of controls 61·3 years (13·3). Increasing age was associated with a significant increased prevalence for seven vascular risk factors (hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, high waist-to-hip ratio, high apolipoprotein B concentration [p<0·0001 for all], and obesity [p=0·016]), reduced prevalence for four vascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol use, psychosocial stress [p<0·0001 for all], and unhealthy diet [p=0·0081]) and unchanged prevalence for one vascular risk factor (depression). Increasing age was associated with a reduced magnitude of OR of stroke for hypertension (pinteraction<0·0001), high apolipoprotein B concentration (pinteraction<0·001), high waist-to-hip ratio (pinteraction 0·011), alcohol use (pinteraction<0·0001), and psychosocial stress (pinteraction=0·033). No vascular risk factor was associated with a higher odds of stroke with increased age. Hypertension, high waist-to-hip ratio, and physical inactivity accounted for the largest PAF among all age groups. Interpretation: Vascular risk factors exhibit different patterns of association with stroke by age, with consequent variations in their relative PAF. This information could be used to prioritise risk factor screening and modification by age group. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; Canadian Stroke Network; AFA Insurance, Health Research Board Ireland; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; The Health & Medical Care Committee of the Regional Executive Board, Region Västra Götaland (Sweden); AstraZeneca; Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada); Pfizer (Canada); MSD; Chest, Heart, and Stroke Scotland; and The UK Stroke Association.

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Lancet Healthy Longevity